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5th · century in today's Holstein settle the Germanic Saxons
6th · century immigration of Slavs
772 · conquered by the Franks under Charlemagne, to the Duchy of Saxony
934 · formation of the Mark Schleswig
1025 · establish of the County of Holstein as a Saxon fiefdom
1106 · the House Schauenburg (Schaumburg) is invested with the County of Holstein
12th/13th/14th century · clashes with Slavs, free peasants (Dithmarschen) and Denmark
1180 · in the conflict with the Staufen Emperor, Heinrich of Saxony gets outlawed, in the following struggles Heinrich subjects and loses nearly all possessions, the Duchy of Saxony is divided, the title of Duke of Saxony is given to the Ascanians, Holstein is still but only nominally a Saxon fiefdom
1201 · conquest by Denmark
1227 · Battle of Bornhoeved, end of Danish rule
1386 · the House Schauenburg (Schaumburg), receives the County of Holstein from the King of Denmark as a fiefdom
1459 · death of Count Adolf VIII., extinction of the male line of the House Schauenburg
1460 · the corporatives of Schleswig and Holstein elect the nephew of Adolf VIII., King Christian I. of Denmark (from the House of Oldenburg), as Duke of Schleswig and Count of Holstein, with the pledge of the king to let the countries of Schleswig and Holstein territorially unchanged as well as granting of independence of both countries and granting of special privileges and rights
1474 · the County of Holstein becomes elevated to a duchy (including Dithmarschen) by Emperor Friedrich III. , Holstein becomes connected with Schleswig, via contract, under the Danish crown, Holstein remains until 1806 as a part of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation
1500 · free peasants from Dithmarschen beat an Holstein-Danish army and remain free
1522 · spread of the Reformation
1544 · the line of the Dukes of Holstein (the Oldenburg-Danish royal house) shares into a Danish main line (with the secondary lines Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg and Holstein-Gluecksburg) and the side line of Holstein-Gottorf, which retains the control of the country, it is named by Gottorf Castle near the City of Schleswig, in the afteryears nascence of a strong opposite between the Danish kings and the Gottorf dukes
1544-1773 · country subdivisions by the divisions of the Holstein lines, into Royal Danish possessions, ducal possessions and common possessions
1559 · Dithmarschen is incorporated into the Duchy of Holstein
1700–1721 · Nordic War: Denmark, Saxony, Poland, Russia, Prussia, Hannover against Sweden and Gottorf, Sweden and Gottorf lose, the house of Holstein-Gottorf flees to Russia, Russia becomes an east european leading might
1773 · treaty regulation between Denmark and Russia: Schleswig-Holstein remains undivided, the older house of Holstein-Gottorf (now Czars of Russia) resigns on Holstein in favor of the kings of Denmark, Denmark cedes Oldenburg and Delmenhorst to the younger house of Holstein-Gottorf, Holstein (with Lauenburg and Schleswig) becomes a member of the Danish-Norwegian state
1806 · Napoleon forces the creation of the Rhine Confederation, an alliance of sixteen southern and southwestern German states under French protectorate, they resign from the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation, Emperor Franz II. lays down the crown of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation, the empire ends, Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg become annexed to Denmark
1815 · Congress of Vienna, reconstruction of Europe after the era of Napoleon, the ownership and the administrative partitions in the former German Empire become restored, but not the sovereignty of the ecclesiastical countries, their possessions become transferred to old or new principalities, the 39 remaining German states become organized in a loose association, the German Confederation
1815 · Holstein is a member of the German Confederation
1822 · the corporatives of Schleswig and Holstein ask the German Confederation for help to safeguard their interests against the Danish krone, according to the state constitution of 1448, however, without success
1834 · Denmark grants a consultative instituitinal assambly of the corporatives, but the succession for the Duchy of Holstein remains unregulated - causing unrests, Denmark forces a danization the country
1848 · King Christian VIII. of Denmark terminates the absolute monarchy and dies on 20th of January, uprisings in Schleswig and Holstein
March 1848 · Bourgeois revolution in the German Confederation, establishing of a provisional government for the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, forming of a Schleswig-Holstein army, an attack on Schleswig becomes blocked by Danish troops, attack of Prussia against Denmark, occupation of the Jutland Peninsula by Prussian troops, but they retreat promptly from Jutland and remain in Schleswig and Holstein
22nd of October in 1848 · constituent Assembly of a Schleswig-Holstein parliament
March 1849 · attack of Danish troops
1850 · Prussia withdraws from Schleswig and Holstein
1851 · troops of the German Confederation (troops of Prussia and Austria) occupy Holstein
25th of July in 1851 · Battle of Idstedt, the Schleswig-Holstein army becomes defeated by Danish troops and completely destroyed
1852 · Treaty of London: Denmark makes commitments to the German Confederation, the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein become handed over by the German Confederation to Denmark, in turn is regulated by the throne succession in the duchies
1853 · Schleswig gets a constitution
1854 · Holstein gets a constitution
1863 · new Danish constitution, break of the promises
1864 · Second German-Danish War, Schleswig, Holstein and Jutland be occupied by German troops
1864 · peace of Vienna: Denmark cedes the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Austria and Prussia (German Confederation)
1865 · Austria retires
1866–1867 · Prussian-Austrian War, or German War or Fratricidal War, defeat of Austria (German Confederation) and its allies against Prussia and its allies, Austria hands over his rights on Schleswig and Holstein to the king of Prussia, Prussia acquires Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, Hesse-Kassel and Nassau, smashing of the German Confederation and Prussia forces the establishment of the North German Confederation
1939–1945 · Second World War, at the time of surrender (7th to 9th of May in 1945), Schleswig-Holstein is to the largest parts still in the hand of the German war-might. The government of the German Empire seats still until the 23rd of May in 1945 in Flensburg. After the demobilization of the war-might squads gets the Province of Schleswig-Holstein occupied by the British, and becomes transformed to the Land of Schleswig-Holstein on 23rd of August in 1946.
1949 · Schleswig-Holstein becomes a federal country of the FRG
Source:
Wikipedia (D),
Historisches Deutschland,
Atlas zur Geschichte,
Herders Conversations-Lexikon