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- Emirate of the UAE
- consisting of the parts of the country Fujairah and Dibba (Diba), including the exclave of Ohala (Wahla)
- absolutist monarchy
- own name: Imārat al-Fujaira
- other names: Fujaira, Al-Fujayrah, Fujayrah, Fujeira, Fudshaira
• Flag
• Historical Flags
• Meaning/Origin of the Flag
• Coat of Arms
• Map
• Numbers and Facts
• History
• Origin of the Country's Name
National and state flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World, Wikipedia (EN)
to 1820, Ghafiri & Hinawi, in:,
Abu Dhabi, Umm Al Quwain, Ajman
Source, by: Flags of the World
1902–1952,
National and state flag,
ratio = 1:2 & 1:3...,
Source, by: Flags of the World, Wikipedia (EN)
1952–1971,
offshore flag of the maritime peace treaty,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World
1952–1961,
National and state flag ashore,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World, Wikipedia (EN)
1961–1975,
National and state flag ashore,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World, Wikipedia (EN)
The flag history of the country begins with the piracy of Arab tribes, who were able to develop into very successful pirates in the region due to the confrontation between the major naval powers in the Napoleonic Wars and the recovery in world trade after Napoleon's defeat. The most important representatives of piracy were the tribal organisations of the Hinawi (Sheikdom of Abu Dhabi, later also Dubai and Fujairah) and of the Ghafiri (in the sheikhdoms of Umm Al Quwain and Ajman) and the powerful Al-Qawasim dynasty, which ruled in the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah and later in Sharjah too. The Hinawi and Ghafiri used single-coloured red flags without defined side lengths. The Al-Qawasim, as a powerful naval power, already had a more modern flag. It was horizontally striped green-white-red with an Arabic inscription in the centre "Nassr min Allah wa fatah karib" → "By Allah to victory and total subjugation". United Kingdom, as the major naval power, decided to take military action against piracy and defeated the Arab tribes of the region, who were forced to sign a maritime peace treaty in 1820 to end piracy. The Arabs were bound to peace, but their ships were given freedom of movement in trade and were allowed to call at British harbours unhindered. To do so, however, they had to use the treaty flag of the maritime peace treaty on land and at sea, the "White Pierced Red" used in the British navy, apparently a previous square signalling flag. It was square white with a red square in the centre, one-ninth the size of the total area of the flag. However, in times of war, all signatories were allowed to revert to their previous flags. The treaty flag, the "White Pierced Red", was not very popular with the pacified Arabs, and when it was used, its shape was changed to an elongated form common in the region. However, the Al-Qawasim adopted the design as the flag of their emirates and it is still used there today. With the peace treaty, the competing Hinawi and Ghafiri sheikhs saw the Al-Qawasim as being more responsible than themselves. Over the years, it became clear to the sheikhs that they had to use the same flag as the Al-Qawasim, or even had to adopt their flag. Some sheikhs rejected the "White Pierced Red" for the reasons mentioned above and used a single-coloured red flag with a white stripe on the pole as treaty flag, as was used by Bahrain and Qatar at the time (perhaps modelled on their flag) and is used by Ajman and Dubai until today. The peace treaty is also said to have stipulated – as already mentioned above – that the tribes could continue to use their single-coloured red flag as a war flag in times of war. In Fujairah, which originally belonged to Sharjah (Al-Qawasim), the rule of the ash-Sharqi clan (Hinawi) began in 1876, and in 1902 – under Sheikh Hamad bin Abdullah – Fujairah declared its independence from Sharjah, which was recognised by all other sheikhs, but not by the British, so that Sharjah did not sign the maritime peace treaty and used a single-coloured red flag (without a white border or white bar on the mast). In 1952, United Kingdom finally recognised the self-reliance of Fujairah and took the country into account when forming the Trucial Council (an association of emirates) under British sovereignty. Thus, from 1952, Fujairah used a single-coloured red flag on land and the flag of the maritime peace treaty at sea (the "White Pierced Red" – a single-coloured red flag with a white border all around). In order to distinguish itself from the other emirates, e.g. Abu Dhabi also used a single-colour red flag on land until 1958 (as did the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman), the name of the country written in Arabic letters was added in white in the centre of the red bunting. This practice was maintained until 1961, when the lettering was removed and the flag was once again plain red. In 1975, the plain red flag was abolished and the flag of the United Arab Emirates was introduced as the flag of the country. Before the introduction of the treaty flag of British origin in the colours white and red, single-coloured red flags were used by the Ghafiri and Hinawi. In the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf region, red is a traditional flag colour that is closely associated with Islam, as it is the colour of the sherifs of Mecca and is a symbol of the Islamic Kharijites living in eastern Arabia. All Islamic dynasties that refer to the origin of the Alawites (also called Alids, descendants of Ali → e.g. today's Morocco, former North Yemen) have or had red flags. Some sources mention a short time used single-coloured green flag for Abu Dhabi around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Source:
Wikipedia (EN),
Flags of the World,
Volker Preuß
Coat of arms of Fujairah,
Source: Original: Government of Fujairah, Vector: Siirski,
Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Source: by UAE_en-map.png: Chumwa [CC-BY-SA-3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
Area: 450 square miles
Inhabitants: 236.811 (2017)
Density of Population: 526 inh./sq.mi.
Capital: Fudschaira, 93.616 inh. (2019)
official Language: Arabic
other Languages: English, Hindi, Urdu, Farsi
Currency: 1 VAE-Dirham (Dh., AED) = 100 Fils
Time Zone: GMT + 4 h
Source: Wikipedia (DE)
4th millennium B.C. · first settlement
ca. 1st millennium B.C. · settlement by Arabs
4th to 7th century A.D. · the area of the today's emirates belongs to the Persian Sassanid Empire
630 · introduction of Islam
632 · apostasy
634 · the area of the today's emirates is conquered by the Arab Caliphate, re-Islamization
middle ages · the area of the today's emirates belongs to Oman
16th century · military and commercial operations of the Portuguese
ca. 1650 · under the control of the Ottoman Empire
ca. 1750 · conquest by Bedouins, Beginning of piracy, the area is called "Pirate Coast", establishing the Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah by the Qawasim Clan of the Huwayla Tribe
1765 · the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah acquires the town of Khor Fakkan from Persia
1806–1819 · actions of the British navy against the pirates
1820 · Peace Treaty for the end of piracy
1834 · renewal of the peace treaty
1853 · renewal of the peace treaty, "Perpetual Maritime Truce", Fujairah becomes part of the "Trucial Oman", also called "Trucial States"
1869 · death of Sultan ibn Saqr of Ras al-Khaimah, division by heritage, establishing of the Emirate of Sharjah
1876 · in the to Sharjah belonging Fujairah begins the reign of the ash-Sharqi clan
1892 · United Kingdom establishes its protectorate over the emirates
1902 · Fujairah declares its independence from Sharjah
1952 · United Kingdom recognizes the independence of Fujairah from Sharjah, formation of the Trucial Council under British sovereignty
1964-1972 · Fujairah operates an independent postal service and issues stamps
2nd of December 1971 · United Kingdom grants independence to the emirates, establishing of the United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Fujairah, Sharjah, Dubai and Umm Al Quwain)
Source:
Encyclopaedia Britannica,
World Statesmen,
Discovery '97,
Volker Preuß
The emirate is named after its capital, "Fujairah". Which translated means "little sunrise". The Arabic pronunciation is represented very differently in Latin script, so that there are different spellings, as Fujairah, Al-Fujayrah, Fujayrah, Fujeira, Fudshaira.
Source: sonnenklar.tv, Volker Preuß
