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Pakistan

Islamic Republic of Pakistan
bfederal islamic republic
own name: Islami Jamhuriya-e-Pakistan

• Flags

• Historical Flags

• Meaning/Origin of the Flag

• Coat of Arms

• Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

• Aircraft Roundel

• Regional Flags:
Azad Kaschmir

• Map

• Numbers and Facts

• History

• Origin of the Country's Name

Flags

National and state flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World, Corel Draw 4

Flagge Fahne flag Handeslsflagge merchant flag Pakistan Westpakistan West Pakistan

Merchant flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World

Flagge Fahne flag Naval flag naval flag Pakistan Westpakistan West Pakistan

Naval flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World

Flagge Fahne flag Naval jack naval jack Pakistan Westpakistan West Pakistan

Naval jack,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World,
using commons.wikimedia.org

Flagge Fahne flag Heer Army Pakistan Westpakistan West Pakistan

Flag of the Army,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World

Flagge Fahne flag Luftwaffe Luftstreitkäfte Air Force Pakistan Westpakistan West Pakistan

Flag of the Air Force
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World

Flagge Fahne flag Zivilluftfahrt civil air ensign Pakistan Westpakistan West Pakistan

Civil air ensign,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World

Flagge Fahne flag Präsident president Pakistan Westpakistan West Pakistan

Standard of the President,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World,
using Zscout370, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons

Historical Flags

Flagge Fahne flag Generalgouverneur Governor General Pakistan Westpakistan West Pakistan

1947–1956,
Flag of the Governor General,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World, Flaggen Enzyklopädie

1956–1958,
Merchant flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World

1956–1960,
Naval jack,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World

1956–1967,
Standard of the President,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World,
using Zscout370, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons

1967–2003,
Standard of the President,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World,
using Zscout370, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons

The flag of Pakistans shows a green bunting with a vertical white stripe at the pole (1/4 of the flag's surface). In the middle of the green area an inclined white half-moon with a five-pointed white star. The flag was hoisted for the first time on 14th of August in 1947 in context with the independence of the country. It has its roots in the in 1906 created party flag of the Muslim Liga. Its target was the division of India in an Islamic and an Hindu state. That flag showed at the pole none white stripe. The colour green, the star and the half-moon symbolize the islam, while the white stripe on the leech ostensibly represents the in the country living (but toughly repressed) religious minorities. In a more recent interpretation, the colour white on the flag stands for peace. The colours of the flag are fixed by law, but only as "dark green". In practice, a colour close to Pantone 357 has become accepted for the green. Pakistan is partially orientated in the British Ensign system. This point out to the former colonial connections to United Kingdom. United Kingdom introduced a flag system in 1864 in which:
• war ships fly the "White Ensign" (naval flag), a white flag often with an uninterrupted red St. George's-Cross and with the Union Jack in the upper staff quadrant of the flag,
• merchant ships fly a "Red Ensign" (also named "Civil Ensign" → civil flag, the real merchant flag), a red flag with the Union Jack in the upper staff quadrant of the flag, and
• governmental ships fly the "Blue Ensign" (flag for the use by the gouvernment → the actual state flag), a blue flag with the Union Jack in the upper staff quadrant of the flag.
The islamic symbolism, with thw half-moon and the star, is from Ottoman origin. The last Calif (from the house of the Abbaside's) was executed in 1258. The Calif – successor of Mohammed – was the religious and worldly head of the "Islamic Empire". About 1460 the Califate was revitalized by the ruler of the Ottoman Empire. This function became more important as the Turks conquered Mecca Town in 1517, as they became the supreme protectors and preservers of the holy places. The control over the holy places got lost during the First World War (Mecca 1916, Medina 1918). In 1924 the Califate became abolished by the Turkish national congregation. In this way became half-moon and star spreaded in the whole world as the Symbols of Islam. The coupling of that symbols with green flags has its roots in the ottoman panislamism. As there arised independence movements in some regions of the Ottoman Empire, encounts Abdul Hamid II. these movements successful with the unifying string of panislamism. To the symbol of the panislamism he made the green flag (colour of the overcoat of the Prophet Mohammed), and layed above the Turkish coat of arms. The flag of the Islam was created.

Source: Die Welt der Flaggen, Flaggen und Coat of arms of the Welt, Volker Preuß

Coat of Arms

Coat of arms of Pakistan,
Source: Corel Draw 4

Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

The Pakistani coat of arms was introduced in 1955. It is single coloured green and shows surrounded by a narcissus-wreath a quartered blazon with agricultural products: cotton, tea, wheat and jute. Above the blazon a to the left inclined half-moon with a five-pointed star. Under the coat of arms a banner with the motto: "religion, unity, discipline".

Source: Flaggen Wappen Hymnen

Aircraft Roundel

Aircraft Roundel,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)

Map

Location:

Source: CIA World Factbook

Map of the country:

Source: CIA World Factbook

Numbers and Facts

Area: 307.372 square miles, without Azad Kashmir

Inhabitants: 220.900.000 (2020), thereof 46 % Punjabis, 16 % Pashtuns, 13 % Sindhis, 7 % Muhajir, 4 % Baloch

Religions: 96% Muslim, 2% Hindus, 1% Christian

Density of Population: 719 inh./sq.mi.

Capital: Islamabad, 1.014.825 inh. (2017)

official Languagen: Urdu (Persian influenceed Hindustani), English

other Languages: Panjabi, Sindhi, Saraiki, Hindko, Pashto, Baluchi

Currency: 1 Pakistani Rupee (PKR, PR) = 100 Paisa

Time Zone: GMT + 5 h

Source: Wikipedia (D)

History

ca. 3000 B.C. · State of Mohenjo Daro and Harappa

270–230 B.C. · to the Indian Mayura Empire of Ashoka

326–323 B.C. · conquest by Alexander the Great

3rd cent. B.C. · Maurya Empire

ca. 400 A.D. · States of Sindh (south) and Gandhara (north)

711 · conquest and islamization by the Arabs

11th cent. · to the Empire of the Ghaznavids

12th cent. · State of Sindh

1526 · conquest by the Indian Mughal Empire

1747 · to Afghanistan

1843 · subjection of Sindh by United Kingdom

1849 · subjection of Punjab by United Kingdom

1857 · the Mughal becomes deported

1876 · subjection of Balochistan by United Kingdom

1930 · first demands for an own Islamic state within British India

14th of August 1947 · independence for Pakistan as British Dominion in the framework of the Commonwealth of Nations, division of formerly British India, establishment of an Islamic (Pakistan) and an Hindu state (India), first conflicts in Kashmir

1948 · first Kashmir War with India

1954 · joining to the SEATO

1955 · joining to the Baghdad Pact (CENTO)

1956 · first constitution, proclamation of the "Islamic Republic of Pakistan", the country however remains in the Commonwealth

1958–1969 · military dictatorship under Ajub Khan

1962 · new constitution as Presidial Regime, structured in two provinces (Western and Eastern Pakistan) with own provincial governments

1965 · second Kashmir War with India

1969–1971 · military dictatorship under Jahja Khan

March 1971 · claims for more autonomy in Eastern Pakistan, military campaigns

26th of March 1971 · proclamation of independence of Eastern Pakistan by Sheik Mujibur Rahman as State of Bangladesh, outbreak of the independence war, Bangladesh gets massive support by India

17th of April 1971 · proclamation of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

16th of December 1971 · capitulation of Pakistan

20th of December 1971 · Zulfikar Ali Khan Bhutto becomes president

1972 · resignation out of the SEATO

1973 · new constitution, Bhutto becomes prime minister

5th of July 1977 · military coup d’état, seizure of power by General Zia ul-Haq, proclamation of the war right

16th of December 1978 · General Zia ul-Haq becomes president

1979 · dissolution of the CENTO

4th of April 1979 · execution of Zulfikar Ali Khan Bhutto in Rawalpindi

1985 · abolition of the war right

1988 · General Zia ul-Haq dies by a plane crash, elections to the national assembly: Benazir Bhutto (daughter of Zulfikar Ali Khan Bhutto) becomes prime minister

1990–1993 · Mian Nawaz Sharif is interim prime minister

1995 · riots

1996 · border quarrels between India and Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto gets fired as prime minister by the president

May 1998 · Pakistan detonates its first atomic bomb

12th of October 1999 · military coup d’état, seizure of power by General Pervaiz Musharraf

18th of October 1999 · Pakistan's membership in the Commonwealth becomes suspended

20th of June 2001 · General Pervaiz Musharraf becomes president

2007 · state of emergency

2008 · Pervaiz Musharraf resigns as president

Source: Atlas zur Geschichte, World Statesmen, Wikipedia (DE)

Origin of the Country's Name

The name "Pakistan" was constructed by combination of initial letters and parts of words of its countrysides: Punjab, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Sindh and Balochistan. With pleasure is the word "pak" interpreted as the Persian word for "pure" → "Land of the Pure".

Source: Handbuch der geographischen Namen